Table H-HF v3.4 compiled

Table 2-15: Hydrofluoric Acid

Volatile from

HF

Volatile from

HF and HClO4

Volatile from

HF and H2SO4

Insoluble

Strong Fluoride Complex

Fluoride Complex Prevents Hydrolysis

As(III,V) (O1-6)

As 100% (O1, 3, 7-9)

As (O1, 2)

Ac (O6)

Al(III) (O3)

Al (O1)

B (BF3) (O1-5, 10)

B 100% (O1, 3, 7-9)

B (O1, 2)

Actinides (III, IV) (O3, 6)

Be (II) (O3)

B(III) (O3)

Cr (O2, 5)

Cr varies (O1, 3, 7-9)

Cr (O1, 2)

Al(III) (O6)

Co(III) (O3)

Hf(IV) (O1, 3, 6, 9)

Ge(IV) (O2, 4-6)

Cs 0.2% closed, 1.3% open (O5)

Ge (O1, 2)

Ba (O3, 4, 6, 11, 12)

Cr(III) (O3)

Mo (O1)

Mo (O10)

Ge upto 10% (O1, 3, 7-9)

Hg (O1, 2)

Be (O6, 12)

Fe(III) (O3)

Nb(V) (O1, 3, 5, 13, 14)

Nb(V) (O1, 2, 4, 10)

Hg (O1, 9)

Os (O1, 2)

Ca (O2-4, 6, 9, 11, 12)

Ga(III) (O3)

Si(IV) (O1) (O3, 6)

OsO4 (O1)

Mn upto 3% (O3, 7-9)

Re (O1, 2)

Cu (O12)

Ge (O3)

Sn(IV) (O3, 9)

Pb (O2)

Os (O1)

Ru (O1, 2)

Fe(II, III) (O6)

In(III) (O3)

Ta(V) (O1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14)

Re2O7 (O1, 5)

Rb 0.3% closed, 1.4% open (O5)

Sb (O1, 2)

K (O6)

Mn(III) (O3)

Ti(IV) (O1, 3, 5, 6, 9)

RuO4 (O1)

Re varies (O1, 3, 7-9)

Se (O1, 2)

La (O2, 6)

Nb(V) (O3, 5, 6, 9)

V (O1, 3)

Sb(III,V) (O2, 4-6)

Ru (O1)

Si (O1, 2)

Lanthanids (III,IV) (O3, 4, 6, 9)

Pa (O6)

W (VI) (O1, 3, 5)

Se(IV) (O2-6)

Se(VI) (O5, 6)

Sb upto 10% (O1, 3, 7, 8)

Tl (O5)

Li (O3)

Sb (O9)

Sb(V) (O9)

Zr(IV) (O1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 14)

Si (SiF4) (O1, 2, 4, 5, 10)

Se varies (O1, 3, 7-9)

Mg (O3, 4, 6, 9, 12)

Sc(III) (O3)

Sn (O2)

Si 100% (O1, 3, 7, 8)

Na (O6)

Sn(II,V) (O3, 6, 9)

Ta(V) (O1, 2, 4, 10)

Tl (O5)

Pb(II) (O3, 6, 9, 12)

Th(IV) (O3)

Te(IV) (O2, 4, 5)

Te(VI) (O5)

Ra (O6, 12)

Y(III) (O3)

Ti(IV) (O1, 2, 4, 10)

Sc (O3, 6)

V (O10)

Sr (O3, 4, 6, 9, 12)

W (O10)

Th(IV) (O5)

Zn (O2)

U(IV,VI) (O4, 5)

Zr (O2)

Y (O2, 3, 6)

Zn (O12)

References:

O1 Anderson, R. Sample Pretreatment and Separation; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1987.

O2 Zehr, B. D. American Laboratory 1992, December, 24-29.

O3 Headridge, J. B. CRC Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 1972, 461-490.

O4 Bock, R. A Handbook of Decomposition Methods in Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1979.

O5 Sulcek, Z.; Povondra, P.; Dolezal, J. CRC Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 1977, 255-323.

O6 Sulcek, Z.; Povondra, P. Methods of Decomposition in Inorganic Analysis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1989.

O7 Schilt, A. A. Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates; G. Frederick Smith Chemical Company: Columbus, OH, 1979.

O8 Chapman, F. W.; Marvin, G. G.; Tyree Jr., S. Y. Analytical Chemistry 1949, 21, 700-701.

O9 Bajo, S. In Preconcentration Techniques for Trace Elements; Alfassi, Z. B., Wai, C. M., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1992, pp 3-31.

O10 Mizuike, A. Enrichment Techniques for Inorganic Trace Analysis; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1983.

O11 Scott, W. W. Scott's Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th ed.; D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.: New York, 1939.

O12 Treadwell, F. P.; Hall, W. T. Analytical Chemistry, 9th English ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1937.

O13 Bogen, D. C. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry; Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., Eds.; Interscience: New York, 1982; Vol. 5: Part I, pp 1-22.

O14 Willard, H. H.; Rulfs, C. L. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry; Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., Eds.; Interscience: New York, 1961; Vol. 2: Part I, pp 1027-1050.

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Volatile from HF	Volatile from HF and HClO4	Volatile from HF and H2SO4	Insoluble	Strong Fluoride Complex	Fluoride Complex Prevents Hydrolysis
As(III,V) (O1-6)	As 100% (O1, 3, 7-9)	As (O1, 2)	Ac (O6)	Al(III) (O3)	Al (O1)
B (BF3) (O1-5, 10)	B 100% (O1, 3, 7-9)	B (O1, 2)	Actinides (III, IV) (O3, 6)	Be (II) (O3)	B(III) (O3)
Cr (O2, 5)	Cr varies (O1, 3, 7-9)	Cr (O1, 2)	Al(III) (O6)	Co(III) (O3)	Hf(IV) (O1, 3, 6, 9)
Ge(IV) (O2, 4-6)	Cs 0.2% closed, 1.3% open (O5)	Ge (O1, 2)	Ba (O3, 4, 6, 11, 12)	Cr(III) (O3)	Mo (O1)
Mo (O10)	Ge upto 10% (O1, 3, 7-9)	Hg (O1, 2)	Be (O6, 12)	Fe(III) (O3)	Nb(V) (O1, 3, 5, 13, 14)
Nb(V) (O1, 2, 4, 10)	Hg (O1, 9)	Os (O1, 2)	Ca (O2-4, 6, 9, 11, 12)	Ga(III) (O3)	Si(IV) (O1) (O3, 6)
OsO4 (O1)	Mn upto 3% (O3, 7-9)	Re (O1, 2)	Cu (O12)	Ge (O3)	Sn(IV) (O3, 9)
Pb (O2)	Os (O1)	Ru (O1, 2)	Fe(II, III) (O6)	In(III) (O3)	Ta(V) (O1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14)
Re2O7 (O1, 5)	Rb 0.3% closed, 1.4% open (O5)	Sb (O1, 2)	K (O6)	Mn(III) (O3)	Ti(IV) (O1, 3, 5, 6, 9)
RuO4 (O1)	Re varies (O1, 3, 7-9)	Se (O1, 2)	La (O2, 6)	Nb(V) (O3, 5, 6, 9)	V (O1, 3)
Sb(III,V) (O2, 4-6)	Ru (O1)	Si (O1, 2)	Lanthanids (III,IV) (O3, 4, 6, 9)	Pa (O6)	W (VI) (O1, 3, 5)
Se(IV) (O2-6) Se(VI) (O5, 6)	Sb upto 10% (O1, 3, 7, 8)	Tl (O5)	Li (O3)	Sb (O9) Sb(V) (O9)	Zr(IV) (O1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 14)
Si (SiF4) (O1, 2, 4, 5, 10)	Se varies (O1, 3, 7-9)		Mg (O3, 4, 6, 9, 12)	Sc(III) (O3)
Sn (O2)	Si 100% (O1, 3, 7, 8)		Na (O6)	Sn(II,V) (O3, 6, 9)
Ta(V) (O1, 2, 4, 10)	Tl (O5)		Pb(II) (O3, 6, 9, 12)	Th(IV) (O3)
Te(IV) (O2, 4, 5) Te(VI) (O5)			Ra (O6, 12)	Y(III) (O3)
Ti(IV) (O1, 2, 4, 10)			Sc (O3, 6)
V (O10)			Sr (O3, 4, 6, 9, 12)
W (O10)			Th(IV) (O5)
Zn (O2)			U(IV,VI) (O4, 5)
Zr (O2)			Y (O2, 3, 6)
			Zn (O12)

O1	Anderson, R. Sample Pretreatment and Separation; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1987.
O2	Zehr, B. D. American Laboratory 1992, December, 24-29.
O3	Headridge, J. B. CRC Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 1972, 461-490.
O4	Bock, R. A Handbook of Decomposition Methods in Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1979.
O5	Sulcek, Z.; Povondra, P.; Dolezal, J. CRC Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 1977, 255-323.
O6	Sulcek, Z.; Povondra, P. Methods of Decomposition in Inorganic Analysis; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1989.
O7	Schilt, A. A. Perchloric Acid and Perchlorates; G. Frederick Smith Chemical Company: Columbus, OH, 1979.
O8	Chapman, F. W.; Marvin, G. G.; Tyree Jr., S. Y. Analytical Chemistry 1949, 21, 700-701.
O9	Bajo, S. In Preconcentration Techniques for Trace Elements; Alfassi, Z. B., Wai, C. M., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1992, pp 3-31.
O10	Mizuike, A. Enrichment Techniques for Inorganic Trace Analysis; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1983.
O11	Scott, W. W. Scott's Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, 5th ed.; D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.: New York, 1939.
O12	Treadwell, F. P.; Hall, W. T. Analytical Chemistry, 9th English ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1937.
O13	Bogen, D. C. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry; Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., Eds.; Interscience: New York, 1982; Vol. 5: Part I, pp 1-22.
O14	Willard, H. H.; Rulfs, C. L. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry; Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., Eds.; Interscience: New York, 1961; Vol. 2: Part I, pp 1027-1050.